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M3P2
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6999a419
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6999a419
authored
Jan 17, 2026
by
Claude Meny
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@@ -221,20 +221,30 @@ Our senses cannot perceive these waves at all.
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@@ -221,20 +221,30 @@ Our senses cannot perceive these waves at all.
*A - Wave Function and Measurement*
*A - Wave Function and Measurement*
*
The
**wave function of a particle**
(denoted by the Greek letter Psi $
`\Psi`
$) is governed by the
*
Quantum waves are
**disturbances in a probability field**
,
Schrödinger equation in non-relativistic quantum mechanics, or by the Klein-Gordon,
described by the
**wave function $`\psi`$**
. The temporal evolution of this function is
Dirac, Proca, Rarita-Schwinger equations (depending on the particle's spin) in quantum
governed by
*Schrödinger's equation*
, or by more advanced equations in
*quantum field theory*
field theory (which combines and extends special relativity and quantum mechanics).
(which combines and extends special relativity and quantum mechanics).
*
It is
*not material*
, and one of its particularities is to
*
**$`\boldsymbol{\psi}`$**
does not describe a classical wave, but rather a
**probability amplitude**
*include an imaginary part*
that plays a fundamental role.
of finding a particle in a given state (position, momentum, spin, etc.).
The
*probability itself*
is proportional to
*$`|\boldsymbol{\psi}|^2`*
.
*
No one yet understands the real meaning of this wave.
In this sense, the quantum function
**$`\boldsymbol{\psi}`$ describes wave-particle duality**
.
It is
**limited by the speed of light, except at the moment of a measurement**
(collapse of the wave function), which is a non-local, i.e., instantaneous phenomenon (therefore
*
It is
*not material*
, and one of its particularities is
with $v > c$).
*having an imaginary component*
that plays a fundamental role.
This
**non-local behavior**
is
*fundamentally random*
and therefore
*does not allow communication*
(otherwise, it would imply the existence of temporal paradoxes).
*
No one yet fully understands the true meaning of this wave.
It is
**limited by the speed of light, except during measurement**
(collapse of the wave function), which is a non-local phenomenon, i.e., instantaneous (therefore
with v > c).
This
**non-local behavior**
is
*fundamentally random*
and thus
*does not allow communication*
(otherwise it would imply the existence of temporal paradoxes).

_Representation of electron presence probability (blue) in s orbitals (center) and p orbitals (8 lobes)_
_of a hydrogen-like atom, with the atomic nucleus at the center and highly magnified (red)._
<br>
<br>
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