Commit 7f69c063 authored by Claude Meny's avatar Claude Meny

Update cheatsheet.en.md

parent c95d31b5
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...@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._ ...@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._
\end{array}`$** \end{array}`$**
<br> <br>
* This equation plays an *important role in Neumann's induction phenomena*. * This equation plays an *important role in Neumann's induction phenomena*.
The quantity $`\oint_{\Gamma\leftrightarrow S} \overrightarrow{E}\cdot\overrightarrow{dl}` The quantity $`\oint_{\Gamma\leftrightarrow S} \overrightarrow{E}\cdot\overrightarrow{dl}`$
with the historically imperfect name "electromotive force (emf)", homogeneous to a voltage, is the origin of an electric current with the historically imperfect name "electromotive force (emf)", homogeneous to a voltage, is the origin of an electric current
flowing through the contour $`\Gamma`$ if it represents a conductive circuit. flowing through the contour $`\Gamma`$ if it represents a conductive circuit.
...@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._ ...@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._
! *leaving it is equal to the change in charge within the volume.* ! *leaving it is equal to the change in charge within the volume.*
<br> <br>
This is expressed mathematically by the **integral expression**: This is expressed mathematically by the **integral expression** :
<br> <br>
For any closed surface $`S`$ bounding a macroscopic volume $`\tau`$, For any closed surface $`S`$ bounding a macroscopic volume $`\tau`$,
<br> <br>
...@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._ ...@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._
![Charge conservation law](charge-conservation-law-L1200.jpg) ![Charge conservation law](charge-conservation-law-L1200.jpg)
* Since this equality holds for any integration volume, it must apply to the integrands themselves. * Since this equality holds for any integration volume, it must apply to the integrands themselves.
$`\Longrightarrow`$ The conservation law also has a **local expression**, valid at every point in space, which is written as: $`\Longrightarrow`$ The conservation law also has a **local expression**, valid at every point in space, which is written as :
<br> <br>
**$`\mathbf{\text{div}\,\overrightarrow{j} +\dfrac{\partial \dens}{\partial t}=0}`$** **$`\mathbf{\text{div}\,\overrightarrow{j} +\dfrac{\partial \dens}{\partial t}=0}`$**
...@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._ ...@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ _thus revolutionizing physics._
**$`\mathbf{\text{div}\big(\overrightarrow{\text{curl}}\,\overrightarrow{B}\big)=0}`$**. **$`\mathbf{\text{div}\big(\overrightarrow{\text{curl}}\,\overrightarrow{B}\big)=0}`$**.
* The *Maxwell-Ampère law* * The *Maxwell-Ampère law*
$`\overrightarrow{\text{curl}}\,\overrightarrow{B}=\mu_0\,\overrightarrow{j} + \mu_0\epsilon_0 \;\dfrac{\partial \overrightarrow{E}}{\partial t}`$ *$`\overrightarrow{\text{curl}}\,\overrightarrow{B}=\mu_0\,\overrightarrow{j} + \mu_0\epsilon_0 \;\dfrac{\partial \overrightarrow{E}}{\partial t}`$*
allows us to write : allows us to write :
<br> <br>
**$`\mathbf{\text{div}\Big(\mu_0\,\overrightarrow{j} + \mu_0\epsilon_0 \;\dfrac{\partial \overrightarrow{E}}{\partial t}\Big)=0}`$** **$`\mathbf{\text{div}\Big(\mu_0\,\overrightarrow{j} + \mu_0\epsilon_0 \;\dfrac{\partial \overrightarrow{E}}{\partial t}\Big)=0}`$**
...@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ I recognize here the law of conservation of charge. ...@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ I recognize here the law of conservation of charge.
! The *magnetic force $`\overrightarrow{F}_{magn.}=q\,\overrightarrow{v}\times\overrightarrow{B}`$*, ! The *magnetic force $`\overrightarrow{F}_{magn.}=q\,\overrightarrow{v}\times\overrightarrow{B}`$*,
! by nature perpendicular to the velocity vector $`\overrightarrow{v}`$ and thus to the elementary displacement ! by nature perpendicular to the velocity vector $`\overrightarrow{v}`$ and thus to the elementary displacement
! vector $`\overrightarrow{dl}=\overrightarrow{v}\,dt`$ at every point on the particle's trajectory ! vector $`\overrightarrow{dl}=\overrightarrow{v}\,dt`$ at every point on the particle's trajectory
! with charge $`q`$*, *does no work*: ! with charge $`q`$*, *does no work* :
! !
! $`\mathbf{d\mathcal{W}_{magn} = \overrightarrow{F}_{magn}\cdot \overrightarrow{dl}=0}`$ ! $`\mathbf{d\mathcal{W}_{magn} = \overrightarrow{F}_{magn}\cdot \overrightarrow{dl}=0}`$
! !
...@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ I recognize here the law of conservation of charge. ...@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ I recognize here the law of conservation of charge.
* To **establish the expression $`\Delta \overrightarrow{E}`$**, I calculate * To **establish the expression $`\Delta \overrightarrow{E}`$**, I calculate
$`\overrightarrow{\text{curl}}\left(\overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \overrightarrow{E}\right)`$ and then $`\overrightarrow{\text{curl}}\left(\overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \overrightarrow{E}\right)`$ and then
$`\overrightarrow{\text{grad}} \left(\text{div} \overrightarrow{E}\right)`$* from Maxwell's equations. $`\overrightarrow{\text{grad}} \left(\text{div} \overrightarrow{E}\right)`$ *from Maxwell's equations*.
* $`\overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \left(\overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \overrightarrow{E}\right) = * $`\overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \left(\overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \overrightarrow{E}\right) =
\overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \left(-\dfrac{\partial \overrightarrow{B}}{\partial t}\right)`$ \overrightarrow{\text{curl}} \left(-\dfrac{\partial \overrightarrow{B}}{\partial t}\right)`$
...@@ -860,6 +860,31 @@ I recognize here the law of conservation of charge. ...@@ -860,6 +860,31 @@ I recognize here the law of conservation of charge.
!! *Relativistic physics in the general sense*: !! *Relativistic physics in the general sense*:
!! spacetime-matter-energy. !! spacetime-matter-energy.
#### What Is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
* **Maxwell** hypothesized that *visible light*, whose speed had just been measured from
astronomical observations of the motion of Jupiter's satellites, *is an electromagnetic wave*.
<br>
$`\Longrightarrow`$ Light is only a tiny part of electromagnetic waves.
<br>
$`\Longrightarrow`$ A *whole new world of "lights"* is revealed, called the **electromagnetic spectrum**.
![Electromagnetic Spectrum](astro-electromagnetic-spectrum-N4_1_fr_L1200.jpg)
* In particular, **knowledge of the universe** resulted *before Maxwell* from the sole observation of the *visible domain*,
![Visible Sky](ciel-visible-bsp_L1200.jpg)
* now extends to *the entire electromagnetic spectrum*.
![Sky in Various Wavelengths](ciel-images-bsp_L600_transparence.gif)
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<br>
<br> <br>
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...@@ -1000,30 +1025,7 @@ Some very concise ideas. ...@@ -1000,30 +1025,7 @@ Some very concise ideas.
For transverse and classical resources, parallel links For transverse and classical resources, parallel links
----------------------> ---------------------->
#### What Is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
* **Maxwell** hypothesized that *visible light*, whose speed had just been measured from
astronomical observations of the motion of Jupiter's satellites, *is an electromagnetic wave*.
<br>
$`\Longrightarrow`$ Light is only a tiny part of electromagnetic waves.
<br>
$`\Longrightarrow`$ A *whole new world of "lights"* is revealed, called the **electromagnetic spectrum**.
![Electromagnetic Spectrum](astro-electromagnetic-spectrum-N4_1_en_L1200.jpg)
* In particular, **knowledge of the universe** resulted *before Maxwell* from the sole observation of the *visible domain*,
![Visible Sky](ciel-visible-bsp_L1200.jpg)
* now extends to *the entire electromagnetic spectrum*.
![Sky in Various Wavelengths](ciel-images-bsp_L600_transparence.gif)
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