Commit 8f3cc207 authored by Claude Meny's avatar Claude Meny

Update cheatsheet.en.md

parent ea9d3411
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......@@ -65,26 +65,61 @@ Physicists use the term **field** to describe a
*physical quantity defined at every point in space and at every moment*. Here, the
physical quantity is the water height, and the space is the two-dimensional surface
of the pond.
<br>
* When the *pond is calm*, its surface in **equilibrium and stable**, the *height*
of the water beneath the surface **varies from point to point**, but this height at each point
**does not change over time**.
<br>
The physicist says the *field* of water height is **stationary**.
<br>
* The ripples represent a variation in water height relative to
the pond’s surface at rest. These *ripples* form the
*basis of our intuitive concept of waves*: **disturbances in a field** that **propagate**,
interfere, and diffract.
<br>
To the physicist, a **wave** thus appears as the *non-stationary part of a field*
the temporary deviation from the equilibrium value of the field at rest.
#### Main Properties of a Field
* The physicist associates the concept of a **field** with:
* a **physical quantity** that has *a defined value at every instant and at every point*
in the space where it is defined.
* **properties** that *specify how the field varies* in space and time,
and *how perturbations of the field propagate*, add together, and interact with their environment.
* Let us enumerate the *main properties* of a field:
* A field is **uniform** if *its value is the same at every point* in space at a given
instant or over a specified time period.
<br>
_*Example:* Even without ripples, the depth of a pond varies from one point to another._
_The water height field beneath the surface is **not uniform**._
_*However,* in an Olympic swimming pool where the water depth is the same everywhere,_
_the water height field **is uniform** at the surface._
* A field is **stationary** if *its values*—which may vary in space—*do not change over time*.
_*Example:* In a calm, windless pond where the water surface is "at rest," perfectly still,_
_the water height field is **stationary**._
* A field is **homogeneous** if *its propagation properties* (the shape of the perturbation
for a given impact and its propagation speed in a given direction) *are identical at every point*
in space, even if the field’s values vary spatially.
<br>
_*Example:* The speed of ripples depends on depth—shallow water slows propagation due to friction_
_with the bottom, while deep water allows faster wave movement._
_*Thus,* since a pond’s depth varies, its water height field is **not strictly homogeneous**._
_*However,* in an Olympic pool with constant depth, the field **is homogeneous**._
* A field is **isotropic** if, regardless of the impact point, *the propagation of the perturbation*
(its speed, shape, and attenuation) *does not depend on direction*, even if the
induced perturbation varies from one point to another for the same impact.
<br>
_*Example:* If raindrops in a pond always create perfectly circular ripples that propagate_
_outward, it means each ripple spreads at the same speed in all directions._
_*Furthermore,* if the height of a ripple remains constant at equal distances from_
_the impact point, then the water height field is **isotropic**._
* A field is **linear** if, for a point-like and instantaneous impact,
*the amplitude of the perturbation is proportional to the energy of the impact*,
and if *the amplitudes of the perturbations add together simply*
when perturbations overlap.
<br>
#### Wave-Specific Phenomena
* The *ripples* result from the **displacement** of water molecules—i.e., **of matter**.
<br>
When a wave characterizes the *disturbance of a material medium*, the physicist refers to it
as a **mechanical wave**.
<br>
......
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