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M3P2
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8f3cc207
Commit
8f3cc207
authored
Feb 10, 2026
by
Claude Meny
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Update cheatsheet.en.md
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@@ -65,26 +65,61 @@ Physicists use the term **field** to describe a
*physical quantity defined at every point in space and at every moment*
. Here, the
physical quantity is the water height, and the space is the two-dimensional surface
of the pond.
<br>
*
When the
*pond is calm*
, its surface in
**equilibrium and stable**
, the
*height*
of the water beneath the surface
**varies from point to point**
, but this height at each point
**does not change over time**
.
<br>
The physicist says the
*field*
of water height is
**stationary**
.
<br>
*
The ripples represent a variation in water height relative to
the pond’s surface at rest. These
*ripples*
form the
*basis of our intuitive concept of waves*
:
**disturbances in a field**
that
**propagate**
,
interfere, and diffract.
<br>
To the physicist, a
**wave**
thus appears as the
*non-stationary part of a field*
—
the temporary deviation from the equilibrium value of the field at rest.
#### Main Properties of a Field
*
The physicist associates the concept of a
**field**
with:
*
a
**physical quantity**
that has
*a defined value at every instant and at every point*
in the space where it is defined.
*
**properties**
that
*specify how the field varies*
in space and time,
and
*how perturbations of the field propagate*
, add together, and interact with their environment.
*
Let us enumerate the
*main properties*
of a field:
*
A field is
**uniform**
if
*its value is the same at every point*
in space at a given
instant or over a specified time period.
<br>
_
*Example:*
Even without ripples, the depth of a pond varies from one point to another._
_The water height field beneath the surface is
**not uniform**
._
_
*However,*
in an Olympic swimming pool where the water depth is the same everywhere,_
_the water height field
**is uniform**
at the surface._
*
A field is
**stationary**
if
*its values*
—which may vary in space—
*do not change over time*
.
_
*Example:*
In a calm, windless pond where the water surface is "at rest," perfectly still,_
_the water height field is
**stationary**
._
*
A field is
**homogeneous**
if
*its propagation properties*
(the shape of the perturbation
for a given impact and its propagation speed in a given direction)
*are identical at every point*
in space, even if the field’s values vary spatially.
<br>
_
*Example:*
The speed of ripples depends on depth—shallow water slows propagation due to friction_
_with the bottom, while deep water allows faster wave movement._
_
*Thus,*
since a pond’s depth varies, its water height field is
**not strictly homogeneous**
._
_
*However,*
in an Olympic pool with constant depth, the field
**is homogeneous**
._
*
A field is
**isotropic**
if, regardless of the impact point,
*the propagation of the perturbation*
(its speed, shape, and attenuation)
*does not depend on direction*
, even if the
induced perturbation varies from one point to another for the same impact.
<br>
_
*Example:*
If raindrops in a pond always create perfectly circular ripples that propagate_
_outward, it means each ripple spreads at the same speed in all directions._
_
*Furthermore,*
if the height of a ripple remains constant at equal distances from_
_the impact point, then the water height field is
**isotropic**
._
*
A field is
**linear**
if, for a point-like and instantaneous impact,
*the amplitude of the perturbation is proportional to the energy of the impact*
,
and if
*the amplitudes of the perturbations add together simply*
when perturbations overlap.
<br>
#### Wave-Specific Phenomena
*
The
*ripples*
result from the
**displacement**
of water molecules—i.e.,
**of matter**
.
<br>
When a wave characterizes the
*disturbance of a material medium*
, the physicist refers to it
as a
**mechanical wave**
.
<br>
...
...
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