Update annex.fr.md

12.temporary_ins/65.geometrical-optics/60.optical-systems/10.thick-lens/30.beyond/annex.fr.md

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 title: Deux défis sur les systèmes optiques
 published: true
 routable: true
-visible: false
+visible: true
 lessons:
     -
-        slug: challenge-optical-systems
-        name: Deux défis sur les systèmes optiques
-        order: 
+        slug: annex-optical-systems
+        name: Défis sur les systèmes optiques
+        order: 1
 ---
 
 
-
-! *YOUR  CHALLENGE*  :  An object (a painting), a physical system (a lensball), how many scenarios and optical systems?
-!
-! _Skill tested : understanding of physical situations_
-!
-! ![](physical-system-versus-optical-system_L650.gif)
-!
-! *Discovery time : 30 minutes*<br>
-! *Resolution time : 10 minutes*
-!
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! I choose it
-! </summary>
-! A lensball is a simple physical system: a sphere of glass of refractive index $`n=1.5`$ and of radius $`R=5\;cm`$.
-!
-! A ball lensball is placed in front of a painting. Depending on the position of the observer or the camera, 
-! the optical system (the sequence of simple optical elements crossed by light between the physical object
-! and the observed image) that forms the image differs.
-!
-! Observe the 3 images of the painting given by the lensball :
-!
-! Image 1
-!
-! ![](lentille-boule-1-transparence_L650.jpg)
-!
-! Images 2 (the smallest) and 3
-!
-! ![](lentille-boule-2-reflexions_L650.jpg)
-!
-! For each image of the painting, can you identify the optical system, then specify `
-! the characteristics of the various simple elements that constitute the system and their relative distances?
-!
-! * _The resolution time is the typical expected time to be allocated to this problem if it was part of an examen for an optics certificate._ 
-! * _The discovery time is the expected time required to prepare this challenge if you don't have practice. But take as much time as you need._
-!
-! <\details>
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! Ready to answer M3P2 team questions for image 1?
-! </summary>
-!
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! Where is the painting located?
-! </summary>
-! * The painting is located on the other side of the lens, in relation to you.
-! </details>
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! What is the optical system giving the image of the painting?
-! </summary>
-! <br>
-! * The optical system is composed of two spherical refracting surfaces, centered on the same optical axis.<br>
-! <br>
-! </details>
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! How do you characterize each of the single optical elements that make up this optical system, 
-! and their relative distances?
-! </summary>
-! <br>
-! * The optical axis is oriented positively in the direction of light propagation 
-! (from the painting towards the lensball).<br>
-! <br>
-! * The first spherical refracting surface 
-! $`DS1`$ encountered by the light has
-! the follwing characteristics :<br>
-! $`\overline{S_1C_1}=+|R|=+5\;cm`$, 
-! $`n_{ini}=1`$ and $`n_{fin}=1.5`$.
-! <br>
-! * The second spherical refracting surface 
-! $DS2$ encountered by the light has the follwing characteristics :<br>
-! $`\overline{S_2C_2}=-|R|=-5\;cm`$ , 
-! $`n_{ini}=1.5`$ and $`n_{fin}=1`$
-!
-! * Algebraic distance between $DS1$ and $DS2$ is : $`\overline{S_1S_2}=+10\;cm`$
-!
-! </details>
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! If you had to determine the characteristics of the image (position, size), how 
-! would you handle the problem?
-! </summary>
-!
-! * $`DS1`$ gives an image $`B_1`$ of an object $`B`$. This image $`B_1`$ for $`DS1`$ 
-! becomes the object for $`DS2`$. $`DS2`$ gives an image $`B'1`$ of the object $`B_1`$
-!
-! </details>
-! </details>
-! <!--FOR IMAGES 2 & 3-->
-!
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! Ready to answer M3P2 team questions for images 2 and 3?
-! </summary>
-!
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! Where is the painting located?
-! </summary>
-!
-! * The painting is located on the same side of the lens as you, behind you.
-!
-! </details>
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! 
-! What are the two optical systems at the origin of the two images of the painting? And 
-! can you characterize each of the single optical elements (+ their relative distances) 
-! that make up each of these optical systems ?
-! </summary>
-!
-! * A first optical system $`OS1`$ is composed of a simple convexe spherical mirror 
-! (the object is reflected on the front face of the ball lensball). Keaping the optical
-! axis positively oriented in the direction of the incident light propagation on the lensball,
-! the algebraic value of the mirror radius is : $`\overline{SC}=+5\;c`$.
-!
-! * The second optical system $`OS2`$ is composed of three simple optical elements :<br><br>
-! 1) The light crosses a spherical refracting surface $`DS1`$ with characteristics : 
-! $`\overline{S_1C_1}=+|R|=+5\;cm`$ , $`n_{ini}=1`$ and $`n_{fin}=1.5`$.
-!
-! 2) Then the light is reflected at the surface of the last lensball interface that
-! acts like a spherical mirror of characteristics : $`\overline{S_2C_2}=-|R|=-5\;cm`$, 
-! $`n=1.5`$.
-!
-! 3) Finally the light crosses back the first interface of the lensball that acts 
-! like a spherical refracting surface those characteristics are :
-! $`\overline{S_3C_3}=+|R|=+5\;cm`$ , $`n_{ini}=1.5$ and $n_{fin}=1`$.
-!
-! Relative algebraic distances between the different elements of $`OS2`$ are :
-!
-! $`\overline{S_1S_2}=+10\;cm`$ and $`\overline{S_2S_3}=-10\;cm`$
-!
-! </details>
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! Which image is associated with each of the optical systems?
-! </summary>
-! 
-! * It is difficult to be 100% sure before having made the calculations. 
-!
-! </details>
-! <details markdown=1>
-! <summary>
-! Why do we had to take the picture in the darkness, with only the painting 
-! illuminated behind the camera, to obtain images 2 and 3 ?
-! </summary>
-!
-! * At a refracting interface, part of the light incident power is refracted, 
-! and part is reflected. For transparent material like glass and for visible light,
-! the part of the reflected power is small. If the room had been homogeneously 
-! illuminated, the images 2 and 3 of the painting on the wall behind the camera would
-! have been faintly visible compared to the image of the front wall through the lensball.
-! </details>
-! </details>
-! </details>
-
 ! *TON  DÉFI  :  "Je regarde une cathédrale à travers une lentille boule. Puis-je prédire mon observation ?"*.<br>
 ! <br>
 ! _Aptitude testée : Savoir poser un problème et conduire des calculs_<br>
@@ -238,7 +80,7 @@ lessons:
 ! <!--question 3-->
 ! <details markdown=1>
 ! <summary>
-! Quelle est votre méthode de résolution ?
+! Quelle est ta méthode de résolution ?
 ! </summary>
 ! <!-----* You don't use general equations 3a and 3b for a thick lens, they are too complicated 
 ! to remind, and you don't have in m3p2 to "use" but to "build a reasoning". And you don't
@@ -407,17 +249,20 @@ lessons:
 ! </details>
 ! </details>
 ! </details>
+!
 
-!! *BEYOND* : The gravitationnal lensball (or Einstein's ring), due to a black hole or a galaxy.
-!! Similarities, and differences.
+!! *CULTURE SCIENTIFIQUE : Lentille gravitationnelle (ou Anneau d'Einstein) due à un trou noir ou une galaxie.*<br>
+!! Similarités et différences avec une lentille convergente.
 !!
 !! ![](Einstein-ring-free.jpg)
 !!
 !! <details  markdown=1>
 !! <summary>
-!! To see
+!! Un trou noir comme une galaxie lointaine donnent une ou des images déformées de galaxies situées derrière eux.
+!! De ce fait ils agissent un peu comme une lentille convergente qui réalise une image des objets situés derrière elle.
+!! Quelles sont les similarités et les différences entre ces phénomènes observés?
 !! </summary>
-!! still to be done, in progress. 
+!! En cours de rédaction. 
 !! </details>