@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Our senses cannot perceive these waves at all.
!
! Predicted by general relativity but observed only since 2015, the
! **gravitational waves** are at the **basis of a new astrophysics**,
! *gravitational wave astrophysics*.
! *gravitational wave astrophysics*.<br>
! <br>
! It observes **violent and massive phenomena** in the universe:
! rapid rotations before their *merger of black holes and neutron stars*.
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@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ governed by *Schrödinger's equation*, or by more advanced equations in *quantum
***$`\boldsymbol{\psi}`$** does not describe a classical wave, but rather a **probability amplitude**
of finding a particle in a given state (position, momentum, spin, etc.).
The *probability itself* is proportional to *$`|\boldsymbol{\psi}|^2`*.
The *probability itself* is proportional to *$`|\boldsymbol{\psi}|^2`$*.
In this sense, the quantum function **$`\boldsymbol{\psi}`$ describes wave-particle duality**.
* It is *not material*, and one of its particularities is
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@@ -246,14 +246,12 @@ _Representation of electron presence probability (blue) in s orbitals (center) a
_of a hydrogen-like atom, with the atomic nucleus at the center and highly magnified (red)._
<br>
*B - Wave Function and Entangled Particles*
***Quantum entanglement** corresponds to an *even more abstract level of reality*.
***Quantum entanglement** corresponds to an *even more abstract level of reality*.
<br>
The **quantum link between two entangled particles** (which have interacted together in the past) is
an absolutely extraordinary connection that *exists outside of space and time*.
an absolutely extraordinary connection that *exists outside of space and time*.
<br>
This link:
* is *undetectable* by any known technology
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@@ -261,11 +259,11 @@ _of a hydrogen-like atom, with the atomic nucleus at the center and highly magni
* is *not stopped by obstacles* of any kind
* has an *instantaneous behavior*, therefore *non-local*.
***Fundamentally non-local**, this link is at the *basis of quantum teleportation*.
***Fundamentally non-local**, this link is at the *basis of quantum teleportation*.
<br>
When the **state of a particle is teleported from place A to place B**,
the *information propagates instantaneously* from A to B, and does not pass through the physical
space between A and B (which is why it is said that this link exists outside of space and time).
space between A and B (which is why it is said that this link exists outside of space and time).
<br>
The **conceptual understanding of this phenomenon** is *one of the great open questions*
in the interpretation of quantum physics; it is the subject of major debates among physicists.
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@@ -281,7 +279,7 @@ _of a hydrogen-like atom, with the atomic nucleus at the center and highly magni
It is its conceptual interpretation that is a matter of controversy.
* The **instantaneous action of quantum entanglement** is *random*
and *does not allow communication*.
and *does not allow communication*.
<br>
However, **quantum teleportation allows communication** because it
involves two steps:
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@@ -290,12 +288,6 @@ _of a hydrogen-like atom, with the atomic nucleus at the center and highly magni
Therefore, **complete teleportation** is *limited by the speed of light*.
! *Note* :
!
! In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the *wave function $`\Psi`$*
! is actually *linked to the probability of a particle's presence* in a given quantum state superposition. The probability itself is proportional to $` \Psi|^2`$.
! In this sense, it *describes the wave-particle duality*.
!! *Going Further* :
!!
!! The framework of quantum field theory, which combines and extends special relativity
